本日の学習コンテンツ
Japanese Learning Contents
- ばかり Repeated actions, Excessiveness
- だけしか No more than, only, expecting more
- だらけ A lot of (negative meaning)
ばかり
①彼は甘いものをたくさん食べる
He eats a lot of sweet things.
②彼は甘いものばかり食べる ⇒ 「甘いものを食べる」を何度も、何回もする
He eats a lot of sweet things. ~He eats sweet things many times
【意味】ある物事や状態が繰り返されること
[Meaning] The repetition of certain things and situations
☆ほとんどの場合話し手がマイナスな意味で使います
Most people use it in a negative sense
☆「ばかり」の位置がかわる「彼は甘いものを食べてばかりいる」という言い方もできます。どちらも「甘いものをよく食べている」という意味で同じです。
You can also say [He often eats sweets (彼は甘いものを食べてばかりいる)] which changes the position of ばかり. [彼は甘いものを食べてばかりいる] has the same meaning as [甘いものをよく食べている], which means “he often/frequently eats sweet things/food.
【かたち】[Conjugation]
動詞のテ形+ばかり
A verb’s ~て form+ばかり
(たとえば)(For example)
父は毎日テレビを見てばかりです
My father watches TV every day.
名詞+ばかり\
Subject+ ばかり
(たとえば)(For example)
ジュースばかり飲まずにお茶も飲んでね
Don’t drink just juice, drink tea as well.
【れいぶん】[Example Sentences]
・息子は彼女とばかり遊んでいる(何回も彼女と遊ぶ、何度も彼女と遊ぶ)
(My) son plays with her a lot. (He plays with her many times).
・紅茶ばかり飲んでいないでお菓子もどうぞ(紅茶だけを飲むのをやめてお菓子も食べてください ))
Don’t drink just black tea, have a snack as well. (Please stop drinking tea and eat a snack).
・最近は私ばかり仕事(私だけが仕事が多い)
It has just been me at work recently. (It has just been me doing a lot of work at my job).
・いつも私が誘ってばかりだ(毎回、私が誘う、相手はさそってくれない)
I am always the one to extend an invite (to someone else). (I always extend an invite every time, my partner/friend never extends an invite to me).
だけしか
①サッカーの練習を一回しかできなかった
I only practiced soccer once.
②サッカーの練習を一回だけしかできなかった
I only practiced soccer once.
【意味】それ以外ない、ほかにない
[Meaning] No more than…, nothing else than…
☆「だけしか」は「だけ」という限定の言葉がつくので、つよく言いたいときに使います
Because [だけしか] means “only…” use [だけしか] when you want to convey you only did something in a very small amount.
☆「しか」や「だけしか」は、かならず文の終わりが否定の「ない」になるので、
文はマイナスの意味になることが多いです。
Since [しか] and [だけしか] almost always end in the negative form of a verb, the sentence usually has a negative meaning.
【かたち】[Conjugation]
名詞 + だけしか + ない
Subject+だけしか+ない
(たとえば)(For example)
3時間だけしか寝られない
I can only sleep for 3 hours. (3 hours is a small amount of time to sleep, speaker is expecting to sleep longer).
☆「だけしか」の後は必ず否定形の「ない」がはいります。
After [だけしか], a verb’s ~ない form almost always appears at the end of a sentence.
【れいぶん】[Example Sentences]
・財布に100円だけしか入っていない。(100円しか入っていない)
I only have 100 yen in my wallet. (A small amount, speaker is expecting more than 100 yen to be in the wallet).
・彼と10分だけしか話せなかった。(10分という短い時間しか話すことができなかった)
He can only talk for 10 minutes. (Speaking only for 10 minutes is a short time, speaker is expecting the person to talk more than 10 minutes).
・時間がなくて一口だけしか食べられなかった。(一口という少ししか食べることができなった)
I don’t have time so I can only eat one bite. (I can only have one bite, expecting more).
・今月の予定は姉の結婚式だけしか入っていない。(姉の結婚式以外予定が入っていない)
I’m only planning on going to my older sister’s wedding this month. (I have nothing planned other than my older sister’s wedding).
だらけ
①この会社は男ばかりだ
There are a lot of men in this company.
②この会社は男だらけだ
This company is full of men.
【意味】そればかりがたくさんある、多い
[Meaning] There are a lot of things present.
☆「ばかり」との違いは「だらけ」を使う時は、嫌だと思っているものや、マイナスの意味になることが多いです
The difference between [ばかり] and [だらけ] is that [だらけ] is used when you dislike something. It has a negative meaning. It conveys that there are too many~~ present.
☆また「だらけ」は「ホコリだらけ」「泥だらけ」のように
Also, [だれけ] means that it is like “dust” or “mud.” (You dislike something so much it is like dust or mud).
「たくさん〇〇がついているという意味でも使います。」
Also use [だらけ] to show there are a lot of things attached.
☆「だらけ」は会話でよく使うのでしっかり覚えましょう
「だらけ] is often used in conversation, so let’s be sure to remember it.
【かたち】[Conjugation]
名詞+だらけ
Subject+だらけ
(たとえば)(For example)
公園は猫だらけだ
The park is full of cats. (There are too many)
【れいぶん】[Example Sentences]
カフェは学生だらけでうるさかった(学生がたくさんいてうるさかった)
The cafe was full of students and was noisy. (A lot of students go to the cafe and therefore it was noisy).
彼の話は間違いだらけだった(間違いがたくさんあった)
His conversation was full of mistakes. (There were a lot of mistakes made).
庭の掃除をして泥だらけになった(掃除をして泥がたくさんついた)
I cleaned the garden and I got muddy. (I cleaned and there was a lot of mud in the garden).
転んで足が傷だらけになった(転んだので傷をもらった)
I fell and my legs were full of scratches. (Because I fell I got a lot of scratches).
【N3の漢字と言葉】[N3 Kanji and Words]
②やっと、食欲が戻りました
Finally, my appetite came back.
②今月は食費が多い
This month’s food expenses are high.
②この道のほうが近道ですよ
This way is the shortcut.
④電車の速度を調べる
To check the train’s speed.
⑤部長の家を訪問する
To visit my boss’s house.
⑥弟が投げたボールが窓に当たった
The ball my younger brother threw hit the window.
⑦今日は友達の家に宿泊します
I am staying at my friend’s house today. (宿泊=accomadation, lodging)
⑧彼女は人懐っこくて、可愛らしい人だね
She is a friendly and cute person isn’t she?
⑨彼は意見をはっきり言う
He states his opinion cleary.
⑩付き合いで飲みに行きます
To hang out by going out to drink.